In nature, plants abundantly form beneficial associations with soilborne microbes that are
important for plant survival and, as such, affect plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning …

The composition of the soil microbial community can be altered dramatically due to
association with individual plant species, and these effects on the microbial community can …

Human nature is an interspecies relationship. In this essay, Haraway's concept of
companion species takes us beyond familiar companions to the rich ecological diversity …

The devastating earthquake and tsunami that struck northern Japan on 11 March 2011, and
their aftermath in the meltdowns at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, were among those …

Humans use punishment to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments but evidence
that punishment plays a similar role in non-human animals is comparatively rare. In this …

The human gut harbours a large and genetically diverse population of symbiotic microbes
that both feed and protect the host. Evolutionary theory, however, predicts that such genetic …

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is the world's most widely grown legume and
provides an important source of protein and oil. Global soybean production and yield per …

Theory suggests that cheaters threaten the persistence of mutualisms, but that sanctions to
prevent cheating can stabilize mutualisms. In the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, reports …

Although 'cheaters' potentially destabilize the legume–rhizobium mutualism, we lack a
comprehensive review of host–symbiont fitness correlations.• Studies measuring rhizobium …

Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from
viruses to social animals. However, natural selection predicts a “tragedy of the commons” …