The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and
determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the …

The fundamental concept in the emerging field of rehabilitation and brain plasticity is that
although there is much constancy in brain function and organization across our lifetime …

Adolescence is characterized by vulnerability to the development of neuropsychiatric
disorders including drug addiction, as well as prefrontal cortical refinement that culminates …

Background Individual differences in initial sensitivity to ethanol are strongly related to the
heritable risk of alcoholism in humans. To elucidate key molecular networks that modulate …

Ethanol exposure during development is the leading known cause of mental retardation and
can result in characteristic physiological and cognitive deficits, often termed Fetal Alcohol …

Psychostimulants robustly induce alterations in neuronal structural plasticity throughout
brain reward circuits. However, despite our extensive understanding of how these circuits …

It has been hypothesized that changes in striatal-mediated dopamine modulation during
adolescence may increase the risk for initiating substance abuse as a result of its …

Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (nVHL) in rats has been widely used as a
neurodevelopmental model to mimic schizophrenia‐like behaviors. Recently, we reported …

Cerebrolysin (Cbl) shows neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties while donepezil
(Dnp) is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, both drugs are prescribed for …

Changes in neuron morphology, stemming from experiences in early life or adulthood, may
be the basis for changes in behavior and their underlying functional mechanisms. For …