The purpose of this article is to provide an overview that summarizes much in the way of our
current state of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes …

The escalating epidemic of obesity has driven the prevalence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes
mellitus to historically high levels. Chronic low-grade inflammation, which is present in both …

A direct association of islet-autoreactive T cells with β cell destruction in human pancreatic
islets from type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients has never been demonstrated, and little is known …

The cause of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown; however, a decisive role for
environmental factors is recognized. The increased incidence of T1D during the last …

The replacement of functional pancreatic β-cells is seen as an attractive potential therapy for
diabetes, because diabetes results from an inadequate β-cell mass. Inducing replication of …

Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, results from the lack of pancreatic β-cells. β-cell
replenishment can functionally reverse diabetes, but two critical challenges face the field: 1 …

A small-molecule inducer of beta-cell proliferation in human islets represents a potential
regeneration strategy for treating type 1 diabetes. However, the lack of suitable human beta …

In vitro expansion of β-cells from adult human pancreatic islets would overcome donor β-cell
shortage for cell replacement therapy for diabetes. Using a β-cell-specific labeling system …

The vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2 (VMAT2) is responsible for sequestering
monoamine neurotransmitters into exocytic vesicles in neurons, enterochromaffin-like cells …

The molecular mechanism of β-cell regeneration remains poorly understood. Cyclin
D2/CDK4 expresses in normal β cells and maintains adult β-cell growth. We hypothesized …