The neuroactive steroids 17β-estradiol and progesterone control a broad spectrum of neural
functions. Besides their roles in the regulation of classical neuroendocrine loops, they …

This article is part of a Special Issue" Hormones & Neurotrauma". Stroke is the third leading
cause of death and the primary cause of disability in the developed world. Experimental and …

Both basic and clinical research indicates that females are more susceptible to stress-
related affective disorders than males. One of the mechanisms by which stress induces …

This article is part of a Special Issue" Hormones & Neurotrauma". Astrocytes and microglia
respond to central nervous system (CNS) injury with changes in morphology, proliferation …

In addition to antioxidative effects, estrogens also exert pro-oxidative actions. The effect of
chronic administration of a high dose of estradiol valerate on Morris water maze tasks and …

Abstract 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) are neuroprotective hormones in different
neurological disorders and in particular under hypoxic conditions in the brain. Both …

Endocrine systems have long been suggested to be one of the important factors in
neuropsychiatric disorders, while the underlying mechanisms have not been well …

The extensive neuroprotective effects of estrogen against Alzheimer's disease (AD) have
been proven in numerous laboratory studies. However, in clinical studies, the exact role of …

Life expectancy in the last century has greatly increased although, in most industrialized
countries, this has been paralleled by an increased incidence of neurodegenerative …

The phenotype and function of tissue macrophages substantially depend on the cellular
milieu and biological effector molecules, such as steroid hormones, to which they are …