Epigenetic changes influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA
methylation, histone modification and microRNA-associated post-transcriptional gene …

Abstract Purpose of Review When a patient presents with symptoms or imaging suggestive
of multiple sclerosis (MS), making the correct diagnosis may at times be straightforward but …

Objective To explore the occurrence and characteristics of aggressive multiple sclerosis
(AMS) in adult-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods Prospectively collected data …

The introduction of immunomodulatory treatments has transformed the management of
patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but has had no consistent benefit in …

The central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the blood system by a physical barrier
that contains efflux transporters and catabolic enzymes. This blood‐CNS barrier (BCNSB) …

Background The clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) evolves over many years. Its
prognosis is highly variable among affected individuals, ie while some suffer from early …

• The times to landmark disability have recently been found to be longer than initially
reported, with a time to expanded disability status scale (EDSS) 6.0 of about 30 years …

According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), 1
personal factors are internal features of an individual that are not part of the health condition …

The recognition that the course of MS could show striking variation between patients was
made in some of the earliest descriptions of the disease. Whereas the majority of patients …

Conclusions• Faster progression through Phase 1, Phase 2, and from onset to EDSS 6 is
associated with PPMS. In contrast to previous studies, we found faster Phase 2 progression …