Significance: Despite recent medical advances, cardiovascular disease and heart failure
(HF) continue to be major health concerns, and related mortality remains high. As a result …

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) was initially thought to be fairly simple.
However, this idea has been challenged following the development of RAAS blockers …

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS), catalyzing the conversion of Angiotensin II to Angiotensin 1-7. Apelin is a …

Previously we demonstrated that central administration of angiotensin-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)] into
rats elicits significant cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke elicited by endothelin-1 …

Diminished release and function of endothelium-derived nitric oxide coupled with increases
in reactive oxygen species production is critical in endothelial dysfunction. Recent …

The canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involves the initial action of renin to cleave
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (ANG I), which is then converted to ANG II by the …

In recent years it has been firmly established that apart from the classic renin–angiotensin
system (RAS) comprising angiotensin (A ng) II, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; …

It is well known that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the
pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. This is well illustrated by the great success of …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is present in the heart and thought to exert
protective functions. We conducted studies in ACE2 deficient mice to determine whether …

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex degenerative disease, which
leads to morbidity and mortality in a large portion of the elderly population. Current treatment …