Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes through induction of insulin resistance.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes has been limited by little translational knowledge of insulin …

Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular,
skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents …

Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in adipocytes of white adipose tissue
(WAT) produces “white adipocytes” with characteristics of brown fat and leads to a reduction …

Alterations of hepatic mitochondrial function have been observed in states of insulin
resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with overt type 2 diabetes …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent chronic liver disease in
the developed countries. There is also growing evidence from basic and clinical research …

Based on evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obese insulin-resistant
individuals, and lean insulin-resistant offspring of parents with T2DM have∼ 30% less …

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) form a family of nuclear hormone
receptors involved in energy hemostasis and lipid metabolism (1, 2) and include three …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of the
metabolic syndrome and refers to a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to …

Insulin resistance, a hallmark of metabolic disorders, is a risk factor for diabetes and
cardiovascular disease. Impairment of insulin responsiveness in vascular endothelium …

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem in
industrialized countries, and new therapeutic strategies to prevent T2DM are urgently …