Hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria
have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. Although the …

Background Vaccines have provided some of the greatest successes in the history of
medicine, including the eradication of smallpox, the near eradication of polio, and the …

Vaccines are the most effective agents to control infections. In addition to the pathogen
antigens, vaccines contain adjuvants that are used to enhance protective immune …

Vaccines, like drugs and medical procedures, are increasingly amenable to individualization
or personalization, often based on novel data resulting from high throughput “omics” …

Abstract Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among
neonates. Though there have been tremendous advances in prevention of invasive …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most common
infectious agents of humans. No safe and effective HSV vaccines have been licensed …

Background In collaboration with the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active
(IMPACT), the National Microbiology Laboratory, the UK Health Protection Agency and …

Background Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins have been effective in
preventing infectious diseases and are expected to meet the demands of future vaccine …

Vaccination is the most important approach to counteract infectious diseases. Thus, the
development of new and improved vaccines for existing, emerging, and re-emerging …

Brucella is the etiologic agent of brucellosis, one of the most common and widely distributed
zoonotic diseases. Its highly infectious nature, the insidious, systemic, chronic, debilitating …