Abstract Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive—or luminal—tumours represent around two-
thirds of all breast cancers. Luminal breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease …

Resistance to cancer chemotherapy is a common phenomenon especially in metastatic
breast cancer (MBC), a setting in which patients typically have had exposure to multiple …

Introduction Effective treatments for hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC)
following relapse/progression on nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) therapy are …

Activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene occur frequently in breast cancer, and inhibitors
that are specific for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α, such as BYL719, are being …

Extensive preclinical experimentation has conceptually changed the way we perceive breast
cancer, with the wide spectrum of genomic alterations governing its malignant progression …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that are clinically subdivided as
hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+) …

Following their successful implementation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, the
'third-generation'aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) have now …

The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-kinase)-Akt-mTOR pathway is a central signal
transduction pathway that regulates many critical aspects of normal and cancer physiology …

Most breast cancers expressing the estrogen receptor α (ERα) are treated successfully with
the receptor antagonist tamoxifen (TAM), but many of these tumors recur. Elevated …

Although tamoxifen is a classical example of a targeted drug, a substantial proportion of
estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer patients does not benefit from the drug. Over …