Specification of limb field and initiation of limb development involve multiple steps, each of
which is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Recent developmental analyses on …

Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal
odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition …

Nephron morphogenesis is a complex process that generates blood-filtration units
(glomeruli) connected to extremely long and patterned tubular structures. Hepatocyte …

Cleft palate is one of the most common birth defects in humans. Whereas gene knockout
studies in mice have shown that both the Osr2 and Pax9 transcription factors are essential …

Cleft palate represents one of the most common congenital birth defects in humans. TGFβ
signaling, which is mediated by Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways, plays a …

Multiple Wnt ligands are expressed in the developing tooth and play important and
redundant functions during odontogenesis. However, the source of Wnt ligands and their …

Palatogenesis is a complex process implying growth, elevation and fusion of the two lateral
palatal shelves during embryogenesis. This process is tightly controlled by genetic and …

Craniofacial development is characterized by reciprocal interactions between neural crest
cells and neighboring cell populations of ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal origin …

The tongue is a critical element of the feeding system in tetrapod animals for their successful
adaptation to terrestrial life. Whereas the oral part of the mammalian tongue contains soft …

ABSTRACT Background: odd‐skipped related 2 (osr2) encodes a vertebrate ortholog of the
Drosophila odd‐skipped zinc‐finger transcription factor. Osr2 in mouse is required for proper …