The hepatitis C virus (HCV) virus epidemic is ongoing in the United States and globally.
Incidence rates remain high, especially in young adult injection drug users. New outbreaks …

Background Few studies have assessed the temporal association between homelessness
and injection drug use, and injection-related risk behavior. Methods Among a cohort of 1405 …

High rates of substance dependence are consistently documented among homeless people,
and are associated with a broad range of negative outcomes among this population …

Objectives There are few systematic assessments of street-obtained buprenorphine use
from community-based samples in the United States. The objective of this study was to …

Background In methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs), 80–90% of
participants smoke cigarettes. Patients in MMTPs are at particular risk for life stress, and …

Background The Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education of Iran has recently
announced an estimated figure of 200,000 injecting drug users (IDUs). The aim of this study …

Encouraging out-of-treatment methamphetamine users who engage in problematic use
patterns to initiate access of drug treatment and other health and support services is a key …

Background Needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) have been shown to reduce HIV risk
among people who inject drugs (IDUs). However, concerns remain that NSPs delay injecting …

Objectives. We investigated potential risk factors for active injection drug use (IDU) in an
inner-city cohort of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods. We used log …

Background and Objectives The present study evaluated changes in rates of self‐reported
heroin and cocaine use in opioid‐dependent individuals newly registered to a syringe …