Estimates of volcanic source mass flux, currently deduced from observations of plume
height, are crucial for ash dispersion models for aviation and population hazard. This study …

Vulcanian eruptions are named for the 1888-90 eruptions of Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
(Mercalli, 1907), and are defined here as short-lived, discrete explosions resulting from …

The magnitude and frequency of vertical fluctuations of the top of an axisymmetric miscible
Boussinesq fountain forms the focus of this work. We present measurements of these …

A stable thermal stratification in solarthermal storage tanks increases the energy efficiency of
these systems. Especially in charging and discharging cycles, mixing occurs due to jet flows …

We study the dynamics of hydrothermal plumes with the 3D time-dependent, Eulerian,
adaptive mesh refinement code Gerris, which solves the equations of viscous …

This paper investigates theoretically the vertical evolution of a turbulent plume into a linearly
stratified ambient fluid, by regarding it as composed of two distinct regions. In the first region …

The characteristics of an acidic turbulent jet and plume injected into an alkaline environment
are examined theoretically and experimentally. Fluid-flow and chemistry models are …

This chapter reviews some of the physical processes responsible for the injection of large
volumes of volcanic tephra and gas high into the atmosphere, following sustained explosive …

Buoyant jets in natural ventilation of a model room with water as the fluid medium have been
studied. A constant heat flux has been maintained on the bottom surface of the room. The …

Fountains occur in both natural and industrial environments as pyroclastic eruptions,
smokestacks from industry, and brine water discharges into the ocean from a desalination …