Gram-negative bacteria decorate their outermost surface structure, lipopolysaccharide, with
elaborate chemical moieties, which effectively disguises them from immune surveillance and …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of almost all Gram-
negative bacteria and consists of lipid A, core sugars, and O-antigen. LPS is recognized by …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component characteristic of Gram-negative
bacteria, is a representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that allows mammalian …

LPS is a potent bacterial effector triggering the activation of the innate immune system
following binding with the complex CD14, myeloid differentiation protein 2, and Toll-like …

The innate immune system of mammals responds to microbial infection through detection of
conserved molecular determinants called 'pathogen‐associated molecular …

In the pregenomic era, the acquisition of pathogenicity islands via horizontal transfer was
proposed as a major mechanism in pathogen evolution. Much effort has been expended to …

The causative organism of plague is the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Advances in
understanding the complex pathogenesis of plague infection have led to the identification of …

Plague caused by Yersinia pestis is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases. There is
no ideal plague vaccine available for human use, but a number of licensed killed whole-cell …

Yersinia pestis causes pneumonic plague, a disease characterized by inflammation,
necrosis and rapid bacterial growth which together cause acute lung congestion and …

The outer membrane protease Pla belongs to the omptin protease family spread by
horizontal gene transfer into Gram-negative bacteria that infect animals or plants. Pla has …