Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
The descending projections from motor cortex share many features with top-down or
backward connections in visual cortex; for example, corticospinal projections originate in …
backward connections in visual cortex; for example, corticospinal projections originate in …
Spasticity after stroke: physiology, assessment and treatment
Background: Spasticity following a stroke occurs in about 30% of patients. The mechanisms
underlying this disorder, however, are not well understood. Method: This review aims to …
underlying this disorder, however, are not well understood. Method: This review aims to …
Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke
D Burke, J Wissel, GA Donnan - Neurology, 2013 - AAN Enterprises
Spasticity is defined clinically by increased muscle tone and tendon jerk hyperreflexia in
patients who are at rest. However, the excitability of spinal circuits changes during …
patients who are at rest. However, the excitability of spinal circuits changes during …
The physiological basis of neurorehabilitation-locomotor training after spinal cord injury
Advances in our understanding of the physiological basis of locomotion enable us to
optimize the neurorehabilitation of patients with lesions to the central nervous system, such …
optimize the neurorehabilitation of patients with lesions to the central nervous system, such …
Operant conditioning of a spinal reflex can improve locomotion after spinal cord injury in humans
AK Thompson, FR Pomerantz… - Journal of …, 2013 - Soc Neuroscience
Operant conditioning protocols can modify the activity of specific spinal cord pathways and
can thereby affect behaviors that use these pathways. To explore the therapeutic application …
can thereby affect behaviors that use these pathways. To explore the therapeutic application …
Passive muscle properties are altered in children with cerebral palsy before the age of 3 years and are difficult to distinguish clinically from spasticity
M Willerslev‐Olsen, J Lorentzen… - … medicine & Child …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
Aim Clinical determination of spasticity is confounded by the difficulty in distinguishing reflex
from passive contributions to muscle stiffness. There is, therefore, a risk that children with …
from passive contributions to muscle stiffness. There is, therefore, a risk that children with …
Differentiation between non-neural and neural contributors to ankle joint stiffness in cerebral palsy
KL de Gooijer-van de Groep, E De Vlugt… - … of neuroengineering and …, 2013 - Springer
Background Spastic paresis in cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by increased joint
stiffness that may be of neural origin, ie improper muscle activation caused by eg …
stiffness that may be of neural origin, ie improper muscle activation caused by eg …
The effect of post-stroke lower-limb spasticity on the control of standing balance: inter-limb spatial and temporal synchronisation of centres of pressure
Background Challenges in stability control are common post-stroke. Although lower-limb
spasticity is a common sensorimotor consequence post-stroke, its potential to further …
spasticity is a common sensorimotor consequence post-stroke, its potential to further …
Changes in masticatory muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy
M Briesemeister, KC Schmidt, LGK Ries - Journal of Electromyography and …, 2013 - Elsevier
The objective of the study was to determine whether children with cerebral palsy (CP) have
abnormal bilateral masseter and temporal muscle activation during mastication. The …
abnormal bilateral masseter and temporal muscle activation during mastication. The …
Simultaneous characterizations of reflex and nonreflex dynamic and static changes in spastic hemiparesis
This study characterizes tonic and phasic stretch reflex and stiffness and viscosity changes
associated with spastic hemiparesis. Perturbations were applied to the ankle of 27 …
associated with spastic hemiparesis. Perturbations were applied to the ankle of 27 …