Aim Climatic conditions exert a strong control on the geographic distribution of many
woodland‐to‐grassland transition zones (or 'tree lines'). Because woody plants have, in …

In most mountain regions forests growing at high altitude have fundamental ecological roles
and other benefits to humans. A key factor affecting the structure and evolution of these …

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are an important biotic factor in the survival of conifer
seedlings under stressful conditions and therefore have the potential to facilitate conifer …

Background: Studies in temperate mountains suggest that plant–plant interactions modulate
tree establishment above the forest line. In tropical mountains worldwide this issue remains …

The importance of climate warming on forests is recognized worldwide and has increased
attention on the significance of both timberline advance and alpine meadow invasion by …

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone species of high-elevation ecosystems of
western North America, is warranted for listing under the Endangered Species Act due to the …

This research aimed to determine whether wood microsites (" nurse logs"), which are
regeneration sites in Pacific Northwest (PNW) subalpine forests, supported regeneration at …

Forecast warming is likely to drive upward movement of subalpine treeline, unless other
factors such as water availability restrict their migration. Evidence suggests that seedling …

In this dissertation I have looked at treeline development from several different spatial and
temporal levels. The first chapter, Drivers and mechanisms of temperate treeline migration …

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is an endangered keystone tree species growing at the
highest elevations in the mountain ranges of western North America. Across its range …