The highly coordinated output of the hypothalamic biological clock does not only govern the
daily rhythm in sleep/wake (or feeding/fasting) behaviour but also has direct control over …

Our biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), sets the pace of our life: it provides
a rhythmic function to our sleep–wake cycle. In order to do so properly the SCN …

Preventing reproduction during nutritional deprivation is an adaptive process that is
conserved and essential for the survival of species. In mammals, the mechanisms that inhibit …

Defining how arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts centrally to regulate homeostasis and
behavior is problematic, as AVP is made in multiple nuclei in the hypothalamus (ie …

Few challenges are more critical to the survival of a species than reproduction. To ensure
reproductive success, myriad aspects of physiology and behaviour need to be tightly …

Burst firing of neurons optimizes neurotransmitter release. GnRH neurons exhibit burst firing
activity and T-type calcium channels, which are vital for burst firing activity, are regulated by …

Accumulating evidence suggests that up to three different molecular species of GnRH
peptides encoded by different paralogs of gnrh genes are expressed by anatomically distinct …

Periodic ovulation in rats, mice and hamsters is the result of a surge in luteinising hormone
(LH) that depends on circadian gating signals emerging from the master circadian clock …

Kiss1 mRNA and its corresponding peptide products, kisspeptins, are expressed in two
restricted brain areas of rodents, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the …

Wild and domesticated species display seasonality in reproductive function, controlled
predominantly by photoperiod. Seasonal alterations in breeding status are caused by …