Memory B cells are essential for generating rapid and robust secondary antibody responses.
It has been thought that the unique cytoplasmic domain of IgG causes the prompt activation …

Germinal center (GC) B cells cycle between the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) during
antibody affinity maturation. Whether this movement is necessary for GC function has not …

B cells are critical players in the orchestration of properly regulated immune responses,
normally providing protective immunity without autoimmunity. Balance in the B cell …

One of the principles behind vaccination, as shown by E dward J enner in 1796, and host
protection is immunological memory, and one of the cells central to this is the antigen …

Whereas gut IgA responses to the microbiota may be multi-centered and diverse, little is
known about IgA responses to T-cell-dependent antigens following oral immunizations …

Immunological memory has long considered to be harbored in B cells that express high-
affinity class-switched IgG. IgM-positive memory B cells can also be generated following …

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific remedy for the treatment of allergic
diseases currently. B cells are important immune cells in the immunity. The role of B cells in …

High amounts of adenosine are released in the tumor mass. Depending on the levels of
adenosine, as well as on the receptor subtypes that are expressed by immune cells …

B cells are critical in the initiation and maintenance of lupus. Autoreactive B cells clonally
expand, isotype switch, and mutate—properties associated with memory B cells (MBCs) …

In addition to archetypal cognitive defects, D own syndrome (DS) is characterized by altered
lymphocyte development and function, including premature thymic involution and increased …