Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Successful goal-directed behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, a set of
cognitive and affective functions determining whether adaptive control is needed and, if so …

An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP)
experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) …

Our ability to efficiently process information and generate appropriate responses depends
on the processes collectively called cognitive control. Despite a considerable focus in the …

Considerable evidence suggests that distinct neural processes mediate the acquisition and
performance of goal-directed instrumental actions. Whereas a cortical-dorsomedial striatal …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a key hub of the brain's executive control
system. Although a great deal is known about its role in outcome monitoring and behavioral …

Adaptive human behavior depends on the capacity to adjust cognitive processing after an
error. Here we show that transcranial direct current stimulation of medial–frontal cortex …

The dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), along with the closely affiliated anterior insula/frontal
operculum, have been demonstrated to show three types of task control signals across a …

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be implicated in the control of voluntary
action, especially during tasks involving conflicting choice alternatives or rapid response …

Contemporary learning theories suggest that conditioning is heavily dependent on the
processing of prediction errors, which signal a discrepancy between expected and observed …