Various experimental studies in animals have shown that general anaesthetics are
potentially toxic to the developing brain. By inducing apoptosis or interfering with …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is widely used in pediatric
anesthesia. Recently, a series of animal studies have shown that ketamine may have …

Animal experiments indicate that repeated exposure to ketamine adversely affects the
developing brain. Whether it has the same effect on infants remains unclear. We recruited …

Background: Recent animal experiments have suggested that ketamine administration
during development might induce widespread neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is used as a general
pediatric anesthetic and anti-depressive drug. Recent studies suggest that ketamine …

Over the past decade, numerous preclinical and retrospective human studies have reported
that the provision of anesthetic and sedative agents to infants and children may be …

Aberrant synaptic plasticity, originating from abnormalities in dopamine and/or glutamate
transduction pathways, may contribute to the complex clinical manifestations of bipolar …

Every year millions of young people are treated with anaesthetic agents for surgery and
sedation in a seemingly safe manner. However, growing and convincing preclinical …

Maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy can cause a disability syndrome termed fetal
alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which may include craniofacial malformations, gross …

Previously we observed that prolonged exposure to propofol anesthesia causes caspase‐3‐
and calpain‐mediated neuronal death in the developing brain. The present study examines …