Pontospinal noradrenergic neurons are thought to form part of a descending endogenous
analgesic system that exerts inhibitory influences on spinal nociception. Using optogenetic …

Objective—To compare the analgesic effects of buprenorphine and butorphanol in domestic
cats. Design—2-phase positive-controlled randomized masked clinical trial. Animals—39 …

Among brain structures receiving efferent projections from the histaminergic
tuberomammillary nucleus is the pontine locus coeruleus (LC) involved in descending …

Background and Purpose CR 4056 is a novel imidazoline‐2 (I 2) ligand exhibiting potent
analgesic activity in animal models of pain. In this study, we investigated the effects of CR …

Pre-anesthetic medications play an important role in safe anesthesia management. When
used appropriately, these medications induce a desirable state of calm or sedation (Vesal et …

The three vigilance states (wakefulness [W], slow wave sleep [SWS], rapid eye movement
sleep [REMS]) are controlled by distinct, but interconnected, networks of neurons. The …

Current dopamine replacement therapies, in Parkinson's disease (PD), result in aversive
side effects and rapid drug dose escalation over time. Therefore, a non-dopaminergic …

Background Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, which
blocks the α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, has shown anxiolytic …

We evaluated the effectiveness of a ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam drug combination
administered intramuscularly by remote injection followed by isoflurane anesthesia in free …

旨在观察阿替美唑颉颃小型猪专用复合麻醉剂(XFM) 的效果, 探讨阿替美唑在小型猪体内的药代
动力学. 14 头小型猪, 随机均分为阿替美唑组和对照组, 小型猪耳根部肌肉注射阿托品后再肌注 …