Abstract Treatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives
as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age …

Objective: We aimed to compare treatment effect estimates from NRSs with PS analysis and
RCTs of surgery. Background: Evaluating a surgical procedure in randomized controlled …

Objectives To model the steps involved in preparing for and carrying out propensity score
analyses by providing step‐by‐step guidance and Stata code applied to an empirical …

Objective: Isotonic saline is the most commonly used crystalloid in the ICU, but recent
evidence suggests that balanced fluids like Lactated Ringer's solution may be preferable …

Importance Surgical site infections (SSIs) in colorectal surgery are associated with increased
morbidity and health care costs. Objective To determine the effect of a preventive SSI bundle …

Importance The incidence of early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among the
elderly is expected to rise dramatically owing to demographic trends and increased …

Inferring causation from non‐randomized studies of exposure requires that exposure groups
can be balanced with respect to prognostic factors for the outcome. Although there is broad …

To enhance student success, many colleges and universities have expanded academic
support services and programmatic interventions. One popular measure that has been …

Importance Breastfeeding is known to have beneficial effects, but concern exists that
breastfeeding during maternal antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy may be harmful. We …

Objective To examine the effect of early initiation of caffeine therapy on neonatal outcomes
and characterize the use of caffeine therapy in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study …