Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to molecular, structural, geometric, and functional
changes in the heart in a process known as ventricular remodeling. An intense organized …

Mast cells and basophils (MCs/Bs) play a crucial role in type I allergy, as well as in innate
and adaptive immune responses. These cells mediate their actions through soluble …

Accumulating evidence indicates that aged black garlic extract (ABGE) may prove beneficial
in preventing or inhibiting oncogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms have not …

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays important roles in cell
proliferation, growth, and survival. Hyperactivated PI3K is frequently found in a wide variety …

Cartilage destruction mediated by invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) plays a central
role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increased cell migration and degradation …

Background The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cellular activity in many
diseases, but the complex interplay with PI3K/Akt pathway may hampers its function …

Inositol phospholipids play an important role in the transfer of signaling information across
the cell membrane in eukaryotes. These signals are often governed by the phosphorylation …

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Its pathogenesis has not
been completely elucidated. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target …

Through pattern recognition receptors, infections and tissue injuries drive innate immune
cells to trigger inflammation with elevated cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other …

In the lymph node, T cells migrate rapidly and with striking versatility in a continuous scan for
antigen presenting dendritic cells. The scanning process is greatly facilitated by the lymph …