Recent advancements in cognitive neuroscience have afforded a description of neural
responses in terms of latent algorithmic operations. However, the adoption of this approach …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC), a cortical region that was once thought to be functionally
insignificant, is now known to play an essential role in the organization and control of goal …

The social psychological literature on threat and defense is fragmented. Groups of
researchers have focused on distinct threats, such as mortality, uncertainty, uncontrollability …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Recent years have seen a rejuvenation of interest in studies of motivation–cognition
interactions arising from many different areas of psychology and neuroscience. The present …

Cognitive control has long been one of the most active areas of computational modeling
work in cognitive science. The focus on computational models as a medium for specifying …

An essential guide to designing, conducting, and analyzing event-related potential (ERP)
experiments, completely updated for this edition. The event-related potential (ERP) …

During human response conflict–competition between multiple conflicting actions when a
mistake could be made–a specific pattern of brain electrical activity occurs over the medial …

Cognitive control theory suggests that goal-directed behavior is governed by a dynamic
interplay between areas of the prefrontal cortex. Critical to cognitive control is the detection …

Successful goal-directed behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, a set of
cognitive and affective functions determining whether adaptive control is needed and, if so …