Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

Excitotoxicity is a condition occurring during cerebral ischemia, seizures, and chronic
neurodegeneration. It is characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors, leading to …

The global incidence of metabolic and age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and
Alzheimer's disease, is on the rise. In addition to traditional pharmacotherapy, drug …

Mitochondrial sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) is a ubiquinone-linked
enzyme in the mitochondrial inner membrane best characterized as part of the glycerol …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) has been used
to treat stroke and other neurological diseases for more than 1000 years. The purpose of this …

Glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells is a well established pathogenetic process in type 2
diabetes. It has been suggested that metabolism-derived reactive oxygen species perturb …

Neurons face a changeable microenvironment and therefore need mechanisms that allow
rapid switch on/off of their cytoprotective and apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways …

Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is involved in various
cellular processes including apoptosis induction. Two distinct states of mPTP opening have …

Since its inception, the concept of glutamate excitotoxicity has provided a foundational
framework for understanding the role played by excitatory amino acids in disease states of …

Instability of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) has been implicated in
electrical dysfunction, including arrhythmogenesis during ischemia-reperfusion. Monitoring …