Despite more than three decades of intensive effort, no effective pharmacological inhibitors
of the RAS oncoproteins have reached the clinic, prompting the widely held perception that …

All cancers originate from a single cell that starts to behave abnormally due to the acquired
somatic mutations in its genome. Until recently, the knowledge of the mutational processes …

Pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG) is a devastating disease with a less than 20% survival
rate 2 years after diagnosis. We analyzed 127 pediatric HGGs, including diffuse intrinsic …

Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors recently entered clinical trials for sonic-hedgehog-driven
medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Clinical response is highly variable. To understand the …

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour currently treated with a
combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, posing a considerable burden of …

Clinical adoption of human genome sequencing requires methods that output genotypes
with known accuracy at millions or billions of positions across a genome. Because of …

Ependymomas are common childhood brain tumours that occur throughout the nervous
system, but are most common in the paediatric hindbrain. Current standard therapy …

Epigenetic alterations, that is, disruption of DNA methylation and chromatin architecture, are
now acknowledged as a universal feature of tumorigenesis. Medulloblastoma, a clinically …

Purpose Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group
3, and Group 4. Current medulloblastoma protocols stratify patients based on clinical …

Genes on the mammalian X chromosome are present in one copy in males and two copies
in females. The complex mechanisms that regulate the X chromosome lead to evolutionary …