Germinal centers (GCs) are generally considered to be the sole site of memory B‐cell
generation. However, recent studies demonstrate that memory B cells can also develop in …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived sources of rapid, isotype-switched secondary
antibody-forming cell (AFC) responses. Whether MBCs homogeneously retain the ability to …

Immune suppression by regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells is a critical mechanism to
limit excess inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-10 is considered the major mediator of B cell …

In primary humoral responses, B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is a master regulator of follicular
helper T (TFH) cell differentiation; however, its activation mechanisms and role in memory …

Severe forms of pneumococcal meningitis, bacteraemia and pneumonia result in more than
1 million deaths each year despite the widespread introduction of carbohydrate-protein …

Extensive studies have been undertaken to describe naive B cells differentiating into
memory B cells at a cellular and molecular level. However, relatively little is known about the …

CD73 catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleosides to adenosine, modulating
inflammatory and T cell responses. Elevated expression of CD73 marks subpopulations of …

The objective of the study was to identify immune cell populations, in addition to Foxp3+ T-
regulatory cells, that participate in the mechanisms of action of tolerogenic dendritic cells …

The present invention provides a high a? inity, antigen-spe ci? c, soluble heavy chain-only
antibody which: lacks hall mark camelid-related amino acid substitutions and has FR2 …

The rapid Ab responses observed after primary and secondary immunizations are mainly
derived from marginal zone (MZ) and memory B cells, respectively, but it is largely unknown …