The gut–brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which
occurs through multiple pathways that include hormonal, neural and immune mediators. The …

The body is colonized by a vast population of genetically diverse microbes, the majority of
which reside within the intestines to comprise the intestinal microbiota. During periods of …

Background About 10% of patients with IBS report the start of the syndrome after infectious
enteritis. The clinical features of postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS) resemble those of diarrhoea …

The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat is an established depression model characterized by elevated
anxiety-and depression-like behavior across a variety of tests. Here we further characterized …

Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes …

The commensal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract live in a largely stable
community structure, assisting in host physiological and immunological functions. Changes …

Key points Hyperactivity of the stress system and low‐grade immune activation characterize
the functional bowel disorder irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These studies show that …

Anxiety-related disorders are among the most common psychiatric illnesses, thought to have
both genetic and environmental causes. Early-life trauma, such as abuse from a caregiver …

Background This study identifies the relationship between a test for post-traumatic headache
and a marker for acute stress in rodent models of traumatic brain injury. New method …

Visceral hypersensitivity is a hallmark of many clinical conditions and remains an ongoing
medical challenge. Although the central neural mechanisms that regulate visceral …