Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Emerging evidence has shown that social pain—the painful feelings that follow from social
rejection, exclusion, or loss—relies on some of the same neural regions that process …

Evidence from imaging and anatomical studies suggests that the midcingulate cortex (MCC)
is a dynamic hub lying at the interface of affect and cognition. In particular, this neural system …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in controlling goal-directed behavior. Although a
variety of task-related signals have been observed in the PFC, whether they are differentially …

Complementary neuronal recordings in primates, and functional neuroimaging in humans,
show that the primary taste cortex in the anterior insula provides separate and combined …

A prominent theory proposes that the right inferior frontal cortex of the human brain houses a
dedicated region for motor response inhibition. However, there is growing evidence to …

The ability to detect and respond to errors is critical to successful adaptation to a changing
environment. The error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) …

Whether driving a car, shopping for food, or paying attention in a classroom of boisterous
teenagers, it's often hard to maintain focus on goals in the face of distraction. Brain imaging …

The ability to revise one's certainty or confidence in a preceding choice is a critical feature of
adaptive decision-making but the neural mechanisms underpinning this metacognitive …

The interactive race model of saccadic countermanding assumes that response inhibition
results from an interaction between a go unit, identified with gaze-shifting neurons, and a …