The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains elusive, and there is no
established biochemical marker used in the daily clinical setting. This situation may result in …

Survivors of war trauma or childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for traumaspectrum
disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, traumatic stress has …

Stress and Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions, by William R. Lovallo, is a brief
and accessible examination of psychological stress and its psychophysiological …

Early life stress can alter hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. Differences in
cortisol levels have been found in preterm infants exposed to substantial procedural stress …

Background Chronic or prolonged stress exposure in childhood can alter structural and
functional brain development, leading to mental and physical illness and alterations of …

Stress, particularly when experienced early in life, can have profound implications for mental
health. Previous research covering various tissues such as the brain, suggests that the …

A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of the stress response system may be
a mechanism by which childhood maltreatment alters risk for psychopathology. FK506 …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Laboratory-induced stress
produces elevations in cortisol and deficits in memory, especially when stress is induced …

Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by severe difficulties in
interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Theories of BPD suggest that …

Child maltreatment has the potential to alter a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory and
substantially increase the risk of later psychiatric disorders, as well as to deleteriously impact …