Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease
management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential …

Background In the not-too-distant past, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was portrayed as a
passive neural structure without involvement in the development or maintenance of chronic …

Background Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I), formerly known as reflex
sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a chronic painful disorder that usually develops after a …

The last decade has witnessed profound growth in studies examining the role of
fundamental neuroimmune processes as key mechanisms that might form a natural bridge …

Tibia fracture in rodents induces substance P (SP)-dependent keratinocyte activation and
inflammatory changes in the hindlimb, similar to those seen in complex regional pain …

Repeated administration of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARg)
agonists reduces neuropathic pain-like behavior and associated changes in glial activation …

The assessment of articular nociception in experimental animals is a challenge because
available methods are limited and subject to investigator influence. In an attempt to solve …

Abstract Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB 2) agonists display potential analgesic effects in
acute and neuropathic pain. However, its complex cellular and molecular mechanisms in …

Reactive oxygen species are signaling mediators of nociceptive pathways. Exogenous
administrations of antioxidants show anti-hyperalgesic effect. However, very little is known …

Damage on one side of the body can also result in pain on the contralateral unaffected side,
called mirror-image pain (MIP). Currently, the mechanisms responsible for the development …