Background Japanese (JPN) guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis were
published in 2006. The severity assessment criteria for acute pancreatitis were later revised …

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common and often severe. Purpose:
To examine the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy on mortality, morbidity, and …

The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)
approach defines quality of evidence as confidence in effect estimates; this …

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in Japan, where it accounts for the largest
number of deaths from malignant neoplasms among women and the third largest number …

Background Low‐back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletal
problems in modern society. It is experienced by 70% to 80% of adults at some time in their …

Background Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur
in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative …

Objectives To revise 2010 guidance on grading the strength of evidence (SOE) of the
effectiveness of drugs, devices, and other preventive and therapeutic interventions in …

Background Complete (full‐thickness) rectal prolapse is a lifestyle‐altering disability that
commonly affects older people. The range of surgical methods available to correct the …

Patients who are diagnosed with localized prostate cancer need to make critical treatment
decisions that are sensitive to their values and preferences. The role of decision aids in …

Background In people with portal hypertension, gastric varices are less prevalent than
oesophageal varices. The risk of bleeding from gastric varices seems to be lower than from …