Substantial effort has been made over the last six decades to identify biomarkers for multiple
sclerosis that can improve disease diagnosis, predict disease progression, and improve …

There is a strong unmet clinical need for objective body fluid biomarkers to assist early
diagnosis and estimate long-term prognosis, monitor treatment response and predict …

Abstract Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) has been proposed as a biomarker associated with the
conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated …

Background: Despite sensitivity of MRI to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), prognostic
biomarkers are still needed for optimized treatment. Objective: The objective of this paper is …

Objective: To investigate glial and neuronal biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples
from patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated …

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been suggested to predict multiple
sclerosis (MS) after clinically isolated syndromes, but studies investigating long-term …

Objective The management of complex patients with neuroimmunological diseases is
hindered by an inability to reliably measure intrathecal inflammation. Currently implemented …

Many disease processes in the brain are reflected in the protein composition of the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to proteins, CSF also contains a large number of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system,
usually occurring in young adults and leading to disability. Despite the progress in …

Persistent cognitive impairment in the euthymic state of bipolar disorder is increasingly
recognized. Mounting evidence also suggests an association between neuroinflammation …