Macrophages are cells of the innate immunity constituting the mononuclear phagocyte
system and endowed with remarkable different roles essential for defense mechanisms …

Nutrition is one method to counter the negative impact of an exercise-induced injury.
Deficiencies of energy, protein and other nutrients should be avoided. Claims for the …

Purpose: To determine i) the reliability of two-dimensional ultrasonography for the
assessment of biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architectural characteristics; ii) if limbs with a …

Despite increased knowledge of hamstring muscle injuries, the incidence has not
diminished. We now know that not all hamstring injuries are the same and that certain types …

Acute hamstring injuries are one of the most common injuries resulting in loss of time for
athletes at all levels of competition. 1–8 Those involved in sports that require high sprinting …

Purpose Hamstring injuries are among the most common muscle injuries seen in sports
clinical practice. This narrative review covers essential knowledge of hamstring injuries …

Results: The aim of this paper was to propose rehabilitation protocol for hamstring muscle
injuries based on current basic science and research knowledge regarding injury …

Background: Connective tissue scar (fibrosis) is a common finding on magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) after recovery from acute hamstring injuries. Fibrosis has been suggested as …

The aim has been to review the literature about the risk factors of hamstring injury in soccer
from a biomechanical point of view. METHODOLOGY. Data bases of bibliography …

In situ studies involving supraphysiological muscle lengths and relative positions have
shown that connective tissue linkages connecting adjacent muscles can transmit substantial …