Abstract Each year, about 5–6 cases out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with primary
malignant brain tumors, of which about 80% are malignant gliomas (MGs). Glioblastoma …

In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released an important report entitled
“Innovation/Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical …

For 20 years, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been a standard component of cancer
therapy, but there is still much room for improvement. Efforts continue to build better cancer …

The role of the ERK signalling pathway in cancer is thought to be most prominent in tumours
in which mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinases RAS, BRAF, CRAF, MEK1 or MEK2 drive …

In recent years, there has been a major paradigm shift in the management of non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC should now be further sub-classified by histology and driver …

The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of
proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on …

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process triggered by genetic alterations that activate different
signal transduction pathways and cause the progressive transformation of a normal cell into …

Growth factors mediate their diverse biologic responses (regulation of cellular proliferation,
differentiation, migration and survival) by binding to and activating cell-surface receptors …

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) combine specificities of two antibodies and simultaneously
address different antigens or epitopes. BsAbs with 'two-target'functionality can interfere with …

The MYC proto-oncogene is frequently deregulated in human cancers, activating genetic
programs that orchestrate biological processes to promote growth and proliferation. Altered …