Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine and is a common condition in
middle-aged and elderly women and men. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is caused by …

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex phenomenon of replacing devitalized tissues in
the body. Urethral healing takes place in four phases namely inflammation, proliferation …

This chapter explains the polarized light fundamentals and mathematical formulations of
polarized light and its propagation in biological tissues. It introduces the Stokes Mueller …

With advances in tissue engineering, various synthetic and natural biomaterials have been
widely used in tissue regeneration of the urinary bladder in rat models. However …

The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiated toward a smooth muscle cell
(SMC) phenotype may provide an alternative for investigators interested in regenerating …

The cellular microenvironment can be engineered through the utilization of various nano-
patterns and matrix-loaded bioactive molecules. In this study, a multilayer system of …

The role of tissue engineering in the cystectomy population rests on the principle of sparing
healthy intestinal tissue while replacing diseased bladder. Over the last 25 years advances …

Introduction: Stem cell (SC) research plays a key role in the increasingly promising area of
regenerative medicine, with the potential to treat, prevent and cure disease. The following …

Ureteral replacement by tissue engineering might become necessary following tissue loss
after excessive ureteral trauma, after retroperitoneal cancer, or even after failed …

Background Congenital or acquired abnormalities may result in ureteral malformation,
trauma, or defect. Traditional reconstructive methods are often associated with numerous …