This review explores our current understanding of the complex interaction between
environmental risk factors, genetic traits and the development of inflammatory bowel …

Over the past recent years, a great number of studies have been directed toward the
evaluation of the human host–gut microbiota interaction, with the goal to progress the …

Abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria—" dysbiosis"—is characteristic of Crohn's
disease. Disease treatments include dietary changes and immunosuppressive anti-TNFα …

Dectin-1, the receptor for β-glucans, protects the host against fungal infection; however, its
role in intestinal immunity is incompletely understood. We found that Dectin-1-deficient …

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves dysregulation of mucosal immunity
in response to environmental factors such as the gut microbiota. The bacterial microbiota is …

The human intestine is home to a diverse range of bacterial and fungal species, forming an
ecological community that contributes to normal physiology and disease susceptibility. Here …

The yeast Candida albicans has emerged as a major public health problem during the past
two decades. The spectrum of diseases caused by this species ranges from vaginal …

We have entered the Age of the Microbiome, with new studies appearing constantly and
whole journals devoted to the human microbiome. While bacteria outnumber other gut …

New insights gained through the use of state-of-the-art technologies, including next-
generation sequencing, are starting to reveal that the association between the …

The fungal microbiota is an important component of the human gut microbiome and may be
linked to gastrointestinal disease. In this study, the fungal microbiota of biopsy samples from …