Importance Converging evidence has long identified both impulsivity and compulsivity as
key psychological constructs in drug addiction. Although dysregulated striatal-cortical …

The monetary incentive delay (MID) task has been widely used in fMRI studies to investigate
the neural networks involved in anticipatory and consummatory reward processing. Previous …

Whether driving a car, shopping for food, or paying attention in a classroom of boisterous
teenagers, it's often hard to maintain focus on goals in the face of distraction. Brain imaging …

Traditionally our understanding of goal-directed action been derived from either behavioral
findings or neuroanatomically derived imaging (ie, fMRI). While both of these approaches …

The anticipation of pain has been investigated in a variety of brain imaging studies.
Importantly, today there is no clear overall picture of the areas that are involved in different …

Anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ACC and dlPFC, respectively) are core
components of the cognitive control network. Activation of these regions is routinely …

Humans adaptively perform actions to achieve their goals. This flexible behaviour requires
two core abilities: the ability to anticipate the outcomes of candidate actions and the ability to …

Animals monitor the outcome of their choice and adjust subsequent choice behavior using
the outcome information. Together with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the lateral …

Monetary and a social incentive delay tasks were used to characterize reward anticipation
and delivery with electroencephalography. During reward anticipation, N1, P2 and P3 …

Avatars, methods, apparatuses, computer program products, devices and systems are
described that carry out presenting at least one characteristic to at least one member of a …