Dopamine (DA) releasing midbrain neurons are essential for multiple brain functions, such
as voluntary movement, working memory, emotion and cognition. DA midbrain neurons …

Striatal GABAergic interneurons that express the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) have
been identified previously by several methods. Although generally assumed to be …

Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the biologically active ingredients of ginseng, has been considered
to be a candidate neuroprotective drug. The objective of the study was to study the protective …

Increasing evidence involves sustained pro-inflammatory microglia activation in the
pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease …

The protracted and age-dependent degeneration of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons of
the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the …

The central nervous system's extrapyramidal system provides involuntary motor control to
the muscles of the head, neck, and limbs. Toxicants that affect the extrapyramidal system are …

Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors
play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the present …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by a
loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Accurate recapitulation of the PD movement …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized as a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative
disorder that results in a variety of debilitating symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting …

Malignant gliomas, including glioblastomas, are extremely difficult to treat. The median
survival for glioblastoma patients with optimal therapeutic intervention is 15 months. We …