The state of the brain and body constantly varies on rapid and slow timescales. These
variations contribute to the apparent noisiness of sensory responses at both the neural and …

In the long-term, with progression of the illness, Parkinson's disease dementia affects up to
90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. With increasing life expectancy in western …

The neural correlates of optimal states for signal detection task performance are largely
unknown. One hypothesis holds that optimal states exhibit tonically depolarized cortical …

Spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity is highly state-dependent, yet relatively
little is known about transitions between distinct waking states. Patterns of activity in mouse …

The mammalian basal forebrain (BF) has important roles in controlling sleep and
wakefulness, but the underlying neural circuit remains poorly understood. We examined the …

We determined how learning modifies neural representations in primary visual cortex (V1)
during acquisition of a visually guided behavioral task. We imaged the activity of the same …

Synapses are highly plastic and are modified by changes in patterns of neural activity or
sensory experience. Plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses is thought to be important for …

Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons constitute a major neuromodulatory system implicated
in normal cognition and neurodegenerative dementias. Cholinergic projections densely …

Wakefulness, along with fast cortical rhythms and associated cognition, depend on the basal
forebrain (BF). BF cholinergic cell loss in dementia and the sedative effect of anti-cholinergic …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in controlling goal-directed behavior. Although a
variety of task-related signals have been observed in the PFC, whether they are differentially …