Transposable elements (TEs) or “jumping genes” historically have been disparaged as a
class of “junk DNA” in mammalian genomes (1, 2). The advent of whole genome DNA …

In female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is transcriptionally silenced
in order to achieve dosage compensation between the genders in a process called X …

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) function with associated proteins to effect complex structural
and regulatory outcomes. To reveal the composition and dynamics of specific noncoding …

Background In mammals, one of the female X chromosomes and all imprinted genes are
expressed exclusively from a single allele in somatic cells. To evaluate structural changes …

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a developmentally associated process that evolved in
mammals to enable gene dosage compensation between XX and XY individuals. In …

X-chromosome inactivation, which was discovered by Mary Lyon in 1961 results in random
silencing of one X chromosome in female mammals. This review is dedicated to Mary Lyon …

Disappearance of the Barr body is considered a hallmark of cancer, although whether this
corresponds to genetic loss or to epigenetic instability and transcriptional reactivation is …

Many organisms show major chromosomal differences between sexes. In mammals,
females have two copies of a large, gene-rich chromosome, the X, whereas males have one …

Autoimmune diseases occur more often in females, suggesting a key role for the X
chromosome. X chromosome inactivation, a major epigenetic feature in female cells that …

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are remarkably powerful, flexible, and pervasive cellular
regulators. The involvement of these molecules in virtually all aspects of eukaryotic …