Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease,
are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The …

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs when blood supply to an organ is disrupted—
ischemia—and then restored—reperfusion—leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species …

Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United
States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being …

There is an intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and the pathophysiology of
disease. Mitochondria are essential to maintaining and regulating metabolic function of cells …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production has emerged as an important
pathological mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Attempts at targeting …

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main factors responsible for
human morbidity and mortality. Since mitochondria play a critical role in the regulation of …

Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the most frequent dose limiting side effects of methotrexate
(MTX), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. Peroxynitrite (PON) overproduction is …

In recent years, mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO) production has attracted increasing attention.
Mitochondria generate NO using nitrite as a substrate. Cytochrome c oxidase and other …

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) represents a potential strategy for the treatment of cardiac
remodeling, fibrosis and/or diastolic dysfunction. The effects of oral treatment with BH 4 …

Electron transport phosphorylation is the central mechanism for most prokaryotic species to
harvest energy released in the respiration of their substrates as ATP. Microorganisms have …