In contrast to physiological pain, pathological pain is not dependent on the presence of
tissue‐damaging stimuli. One type of pathological pain–neuropathic pain–is often a …

The cellular mechanism (s) underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are not fully
understood although it has been shown that various genetic and environmental factors …

Microglia and peripheral monocytes contribute to hypersensitivity in rodent models of
neuropathic pain. However, the precise respective function of microglia and peripheral …

Human intestinal flora comprises thousands of bacterial species. Growth and composition of
intestinal microbiota is dependent on various parameters, including immune mechanisms …

Centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome, formerly known as functional abdominal pain
syndrome, can be distinguished from other functional gastrointestinal disorders by its strong …

Historically, approaches used in manual medicine to explain patient reported symptoms
have been focused on the so-called exteroceptive paradigm. Arguably, this mindset lacks an …

Background Chemokine axis chemokine CXC motif ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor type
4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) is an emerging pain modulator, but mechanisms for its involvement in …

Background Glial activation and neuroinflammation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN)
play a pivotal role in the genesis and maintenance of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Resveratrol …

The over-expressed colonic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to
be associated with abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However …

Voltage‐gated sodium channels are required for electrogenesis in excitable cells. Their
activation, triggered by membrane depolarization, generates transient sodium currents that …