Psychobiotics were previously defined as live bacteria (probiotics) which, when ingested,
confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut bacteria. We expand …

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the complexity and diversity of the
microorganisms that inhabit our gut (human gastrointestinal microbiota) and health/disease …

The role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is becoming increasingly recognized.
The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bi-directional pathway between the brain and the …

A New York Times Bestseller. A scientist's exploration into the mysteries of the human mind.
What is the mind? What is the experience of the self truly made of? How does the mind differ …

Introduction The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a term that is commonly used and covers a
broad set of functions and interactions between the gut microbiome, endocrine, immune and …

Human adolescence is a time of enormous developmental change, second only to infancy
and early childhood in terms of brain shaping and growth. It is also a period in life when the …

The microbiota–gut–brain axis plays an important role in the development of stress-induced
mental disorders. We previously established the subchronic and mild social defeat stress …

Advances in research concerning the brain‐related influences of the microbiome have been
paradigm shifting, although at an early stage, clinical research involving beneficial microbes …

The concept of the gut influencing brain and behaviour has existed for almost 2 centuries.
However, this gut-brain axis has been best appreciated and studied in the context of eating …

Highlights•Activation of the inflammatory immune system may contribute to depressive
disorders.•Disturbed balance between varied gut bacteria could activate inflammatory …