Traditionally, vaccines have been developed by cultivating infectious agents and isolating
the inactivated whole pathogen or some of its purified components. 20 years ago, reverse …

The field of reverse vaccinology developed as an outcome of the genome sequence
revolution. Following the introduction of live vaccinations in the western world by Edward …

There is a growing appreciation for the role of vaccines in confronting the problem of
antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Vaccines can reduce the prevalence of resistance by …

The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil has developed to a global health
concern due to its likely association with birth defects (primary microcephaly) and …

Ticks infest a variety of animal species and transmit pathogens causing disease in both
humans and animals worldwide. Tick–host–pathogen interactions have evolved through …

Campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting
humans in the European Union. Human cases are mainly due to Campylobacter jejuni or …

Edwardsiella tarda and Flavobacterium columnare are two important intracellular
pathogenic bacteria that cause the infectious diseases edwardsiellosis and columnaris in …

Tick infestation may cause several problems including affecting domestic animal health and
reducing the production of meat and milk, among others. Resistance to several classes of …

Traditional approaches to vaccine development have failed to identify better vaccines to
replace or supplement BCG for the control of tuberculosis (TB). Subunit vaccines offer a …

Strong antibody (Ab) responses against V1V2 epitopes of the human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope (Env) correlated with reduced infection rates in studies …