Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective in cancer treatment. A pre-existing immune
response demonstrated by significant pretreatment tumor lymphocytic infiltration is a …

Immunotherapy strategies against cancer are emerging as powerful weapons for treatment
of this disease. The success of checkpoint inhibitors against metastatic melanoma and …

Purpose Local radiation therapy (RT) combined with systemic anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–
associated protein-4 immunotherapy may enhance induction of systemic antimelanoma …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and radiotherapy plays a key role in
both curative and palliative treatments for this disease. Recent advances include stereotactic …

Radiation therapy (RT), a critical modality in the treatment of lung cancer, induces direct
tumor cell death and augments tumor-specific immunity. However, despite initial tumor …

Immune checkpoint inhibition with ipilimumab has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy
and significantly improved outcomes of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Local …

Purpose Reirradiation of head and neck (H&N) cancer is a clinical challenge. Proton
radiation therapy (PRT) offers dosimetric advantages for normal tissue sparing and may …

Radiation therapy (RT) is a cornerstone in oncologic management and is employed in
various curative and palliative scenarios for local-regional control. RT is thought to locally …

Ionising radiation (IR) may harm cancer cells through a rare indirect out-of-field
phenomenon described as the abscopal effect. Increasing evidence demonstrates that …

In recent years, an increased understanding of T‐cell–regulatory mechanisms has led to the
development of a novel class of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors that have robust clinical …