In the past decade, advances in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive
cellular therapy to treat cancer by modulating the immune response have led to …

These are exciting times for cancer immunotherapy. After many years of disappointing
results, the tide has finally changed and immunotherapy has become a clinically validated …

Checkpoint blockade with antibodies specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein
(CTLA)-4 or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1; also known as PD-1) elicits durable tumor …

The immune system is capable of recognizing tumors and eliminates many early malignant
cells. However, tumors evolve to evade immune attack, and the tumor microenvironment is …

Checkpoint blockade therapy has been proven to be highly active across many cancer types
but emerging evidence indicates that the therapeutic benefit is limited to a subset of patients …

The emergence of immune 'checkpoint inhibitors' such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
(CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized treatment of solid …

The success of checkpoint inhibitors has validated immunomodulatory agents as a valuable
class of anticancer therapeutics. A promising co-stimulatory immunologic target is 4-1BB, or …

T cell checkpoint blockade therapies are revolutionizing the treatment of patients with
cancer. Highlighted by the recent success of PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade in patients with …

Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 has
revolutionized melanoma treatment by eliciting responses that can be remarkably durable …

The consideration of the complex interplay between the tumour microenvironment (TME)
and the immune response is the key for designing effective immunotherapies. Therapeutic …