Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

The significant parallels between cell plasticity during embryonic development and
carcinoma progression have helped us understand the importance of the epithelial …

The conversion of cells with an epithelial phenotype into cells with a mesenchymal
phenotype, referred to as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, is a critical process for …

Increased frequencies of peripheral blood neutrophils as well as tumor-infiltrating
(associated) neutrophils (TAN) have been observed in many tumor entities. Although the …

Key elements of cancer progression towards metastasis are the biological actions of cancer
stem cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Cross-communication between …

Background The combination of galunisertib, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor
(R) 1 kinase inhibitor, and lomustine was found to have antitumor activity in murine models …

Abstract Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) plays crucial and complex roles in liver and
gastrointestinal cancers. These include a multitude of distinct functions, such as maintaining …

There is a significant amount of excitement in the scientific community around cancer
immunotherapy, as this approach has renewed hope for many cancer patients owing to …

Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 regulate angiogenesis and invasiveness in cancer, potentially by
modulating activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. The randomized …