Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Plants and microbes coexist or compete for survival and their cohesive interactions play a
vital role in adapting to metalliferous environments, and can thus be explored to improve …

Plant cells orchestrate an array of molecular mechanisms for maintaining plasmatic
concentrations of essential heavy metal (HM) ions, for example, iron, zinc and copper, within …

Increasing heavy metal (HM) concentrations in the soil have become a significant problem in
the modern industrialized world due to several anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals (HMs) …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses that involve most plants and Glomeromycota fungi are
integral and functional parts of plant roots. In these associations, the fungi not only colonize …

Nuclear-associated Ca2+ oscillations mediate plant responses to beneficial microbial
partners—namely, nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria that colonize roots of legumes and …

One of the most grievous heavy metal pollutants in the environment is cadmium (Cd), which
is not only responsible for the crop yield loss owing to its phytotoxicity, but also for the …

The two alkali cations Na+ and K+ have similar relative abundances in the earth crust but
display very different distributions in the biosphere. In all living organisms, K+ is the major …

Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and flooding severely limit food and fibre
production and result in penalties of in excess of US $100 billion per annum to the …

K is the third most important plant macronutrient after nitrogen and phosphorus. It is
absorbed from soil primarily in the form of K+ and is required in the plants for early growth …