Preclinical evidence suggests that anesthetic agents harm the developing brain thereby
causing long‐term neurocognitive impairments. It is not clear if these findings apply to …

Purpose The purpose of this report is to facilitate an understanding of the possible
application of xenon for neuroprotection in critical care settings. This narrative review …

Objective During critical periods of brain development, both seizures and anticonvulsant
medications can affect neurodevelopmental outcomes. In rodent models, many …

Background: Anesthetic agents (eg, isoflurane, propofol) may cause neurodegeneration in
the developing brains and impair animals' learning ability. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a …

Although oral gavage is the most straightforward approach to achieve precise enteric
administration in rodents, it is associated with potential adverse consequences. Here we …

Demand is increasing for safer inhalational anesthetics for use in pediatric anesthesia. In
this regard, researchers have debated whether isoflurane is more toxic to the developing …

Sevoflurane has become a main method for induction of anesthesia in pediatric populations.
Preclinical evidence suggest the neurotoxic effect of volatile anesthetics on the developing …

Exposure of the brain to general anesthesia during early infancy may adversely affect its
neural and cognitive development. The mechanisms mediating this are complex …

Exposure of infant animals, including non-human primates (NHPs), to anaesthetic drugs
causes apoptotic death of neurons and oligodendrocytes (oligos) and results in long-term …

Background Advances in surgery and technology have resulted in increased in-utero
procedures. However, the effect of anesthesia on the fetal brain is not fully known. The …