Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in histopathologic specimens can
provide important prognostic information in diverse solid tumor types, and may also be of …

Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and specific therapies have not
been available for a long time. Therefore, conventional chemotherapy is still considered the …

Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic
and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic …

Interactions between immune and malignant cells have been known to have clinical
relevance for decades. The potential for immune control is now being therapeutically …

Background High quantities of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in primary HER2-
positive breast cancer are associated with improved prognosis and response to therapy. We …

The clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in breast cancer (BC) has been
clearly established by their demonstrated correlation with long-term positive outcomes …

The recent demonstration of modest single-agent activity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-
L1) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibodies in patients with breast cancer has …

Although unlike melanoma, breast cancer is not generally viewed as a highly immunogenic
cancer, recent studies have described a rich tumor immune microenvironment in a subset of …

Claudin-low breast cancer is a molecular type of breast cancer originally identified by gene
expression profiling and reportedly associated with poor survival. Claudin-low tumors have …

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with an
immunosuppressive milieu that supports immune system evasion and disease progression …